Russia Begins Syria Withdrawal as Peace Talks Enter Second Day

The first of Moscow's warplanes landed back in Russia from Syria on Tuesday at the start of a surprise withdrawal that Western governments hope could boost peace talks by pressuring the Damascus regime.

U.N. peace envoy Staffan de Mistura described the pullout as a "significant development" for the negotiations that began in Geneva on Monday in the latest push to end the brutal conflict as it enters its sixth year.

"We hope (this) will have a positive impact on the progress of the negotiations," he said in a statement.

President Vladimir Putin on Monday ordered the "main part" of Russia's forces out of the war-torn nation, but the Kremlin denied it was trying to pressure its long-time ally President Bashar Assad.

Russia will, however, keep a contingent at its air and naval bases in Syria and a senior official said strikes against "terrorists" would continue.

One Al-Qaida linked group branded the withdrawal a "defeat" and vowed to launch a new offensive in Syria.

Putin said Monday that Moscow's military goal had been "on the whole" completed some five-and-a-half months and 9,000 combat sorties after the Kremlin launched its bombing campaign in support of Assad.

State media broadcast live footage of flag-waving crowds greeting returning pilots at a military base in southwest Russia as a brass band played.

"It is still too early to speak of victory over terrorism. The Russian air group has a task of continuing to strike terrorist targets," deputy defense minister Nikolai Pankov was quoted as saying by Russian news agencies at Moscow's Hmeimim base in Syria.

The West reacted cautiously, since Moscow is yet to specify a timeframe for completing the withdrawal and a Kremlin official said Russia will keep advanced air defense systems in Syria.

Some governments expressed hope the Russian move could push Assad to negotiate, but in Geneva both sides remained locked in a bitter dispute over his fate.

The talks opened after a temporary ceasefire between Assad's forces and opponents was introduced on February 27 and has largely held, although it does not cover the Islamic State group and Al-Qaida's Syrian affiliate the Al-Nusra Front.

De Mistura was expected to hold Tuesday his first official meeting with the opposition High Negotiations Committee (HNC), which has repeatedly said Assad cannot be part of Syria's political future.

Damascus sparked Western anger by staking out an uncompromising stance before the talks, insisting that discussions on Assad's removal were a "red line" they would not cross.

Kremlin spokesman Dmitry Peskov denied that the Kremlin was angered by Assad's perceived inflexibility.

But in February, Russia was unusually critical of Assad after he vowed in an interview with AFP to retake the whole country, saying his stance was "not in accord" with Moscow's diplomatic efforts.

German Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier said a Russian withdrawal "increases the pressure" on Assad to negotiate, while France's foreign ministry said "anything that helps towards a de-escalation in Syria should be encouraged."

Moscow has pledged to ratchet up its own diplomatic efforts to find a political solution to a conflict that has killed more than 270,000 people and displaced millions since March 2011.

The White House said President Barack Obama had spoken to Putin following Russia's announcement, and discussed the "next steps required to fully implement the cessation of hostilities".

But US officials offered a cautious initial assessment.

"At this point, we are going to see how things play out over the next few days," a senior administration official told AFP.

The foreign minister of Iran -- which controls thousands of troops supporting Assad on the ground in Syria -- said Russia's withdrawal showed Moscow did not "see an imminent need (to) resort to force in maintaining the ceasefire".

Russia began air strikes in Syria in September, a move that helped shore up the regime's crumbling forces and allowed them to go on the offensive.

Russia sent some 50 warplanes to carry out thousands of strikes across Syria, saying it was targeting "terrorist" groups including IS jihadists.

The intervention was slammed by the West and its regional allies, which insisted Moscow was mainly bombing more moderate rebels.

Meanwhile, a jihadist commander told AFP that Al-Nusra was preparing to launch a new offensive "within the next 48 hours", saying the regime was unable to hold onto territory it had seized with the help of the Russians.

Syria's main opposition welcomed the Kremlin announcement, but said it would wait and see the impact on the ground.

"We must verify the nature of this decision and its meaning," HNC spokesman Salem al-Meslet told reporters in Geneva.

After his first official meeting with the regime on Monday, de Mistura told reporters that "strong statements (and) rhetoric" were part of every tough negotiation and that his initial discussions with government representative Bashar al-Jaafari were "useful".